Two Government-Backed Options for Rural Buyers
If you are buying a home in rural Pennsylvania, you may qualify for both FHA and USDA loans. Each program is backed by a different federal agency (HUD for FHA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture for USDA) and has distinct advantages. Understanding the differences can help you choose the financing that best fits your situation.
Down Payment
- FHA: Requires a minimum 3.5% down payment.
- USDA: Offers true zero-down-payment financing, with no down payment required at all.
This is the single biggest advantage of USDA loans. If you qualify and your property is in an eligible rural area, USDA can save you thousands at closing.
Location Eligibility
- FHA: Available anywhere in the United States, regardless of location. Urban, suburban, and rural properties all qualify.
- USDA: Limited to properties in USDA-designated rural areas. While much of Pennsylvania is eligible, most urban and many suburban areas are excluded. Check eligibility at the USDA's online mapping tool.
Many Pennsylvania counties, particularly those in central, northern, and western parts of the state, have extensive USDA-eligible areas. Counties such as Tioga, Potter, McKean, Elk, Cameron, and Sullivan are almost entirely USDA-eligible.
Income Limits
- FHA: No income limits. High earners can use FHA loans.
- USDA: Income limits apply based on household size and county. Generally, household income cannot exceed 115% of the area median income. In many rural Pennsylvania counties, this means a household income limit of roughly $103,500 for a family of four (2024 figures).
Mortgage Insurance Comparison
- FHA: 1.75% upfront MIP plus 0.55% annual MIP for most borrowers.
- USDA: 1.0% upfront guarantee fee plus 0.35% annual fee. USDA's ongoing annual fee is notably lower than FHA's MIP.
Over the life of the loan, USDA's lower annual fee can save borrowers thousands of dollars compared to FHA.
Which Should You Choose?
Choose USDA if: Your property is in an eligible rural area, your household income is within USDA limits, and you want to avoid a down payment.
Choose FHA if: Your property is not in a USDA-eligible area, your household income exceeds USDA limits, you have a lower credit score (USDA typically requires 640+), or you want to purchase a multi-unit property (USDA is limited to single-family).